In a statement on Thursday, July 7, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) said there had been multiple outbreaks across the country since December 2022, with 798 confirmed diphtheria cases from 33 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in eight states, including FCT.
NCDC added that 80 deaths have been recorded among all confirmed cases, with a case fatality rate of 10.0 per cent. The figures have increased since then.
Diphtheria is a highly contagious bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheria, which mostly affects the respiratory system. Nigeria has seen a spike in diphtheria cases recently, making it critical for Nigerians to be well-informed on the symptoms and the necessity of quick diagnosis.
This article attempts to provide thorough information about diphtheria symptoms and diagnostic tests that can aid in early detection and appropriate management.
1: Early Signs of Diphtheria: Diphtheria symptoms often resemble those of common respiratory infections, making it challenging to identify promptly.
The early signs of diphtheria include a sore throat, mild fever, and general malaise. Patients may also experience difficulty swallowing, which can lead to a noticeable change in their voice. Additionally, the neck glands may become swollen and tender.
2: Diphtheria vs Common Respiratory Infections: It is critical to distinguish diphtheria from other respiratory illnesses in order to receive appropriate medical attention. While the symptoms of diphtheria may be similar to those of other illnesses such as the flu or tonsillitis, there are significant differences. Diphtheria, unlike the normal cold, can cause a thick, greyish-white membrane to grow in the throat, obstructing breathing. Anyone suffering from such symptoms should seek medical attention right away.
3: Timely Medical Evaluation: Timely medical evaluation is critical in suspected cases of diphtheria. Early diagnosis is essential given its potentially life-threatening complications, such as difficulty breathing and heart problems.
Seeking medical attention at the first sign of symptoms can significantly improve the chances of successful treatment and prevent further spread of the infection.
4: The Diagnosis Process: Specific tests and processes are used by healthcare experts to confirm a diphtheria diagnosis. Corynebacterium diphtheriae is routinely detected using throat cultures and bacterial samples. Laboratory testing is required to identify the type of bacteria causing the infection and to guide treatment.
5: Understanding Contact Tracing and Prevention: Contact tracing is critical in reducing the spread of diphtheria in the event of a confirmed case. To avoid further transmission, health officials identify and monitor those who have come into touch with the infected person.
Furthermore, preventive measures such as immunization and basic hygiene practices can help to contain the outbreak.
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